What Is Electrophoresis (Protein and Haemoglobin)?
Electrophoresis (protein and haemoglobin) is a lab test. It helps doctors check the types and amounts of proteins or haemoglobin in your blood. In simple words, this test separates these substances so doctors can see if they are normal or not. Often, doctors use this test to find health problems that affect your blood or body proteins.
Why Is Electrophoresis Performed?
Doctors order electrophoresis for many reasons. For example, it can help find out why you have anemia, which means low red blood cells. It can also check for diseases that affect your immune system or blood. In addition, this test helps find certain inherited conditions. Here are some common reasons for this test:
How Does the Electrophoresis Procedure Work?
First, a healthcare worker takes a small blood sample from your arm. Sometimes, urine or other body fluids are used. Next, the lab places your sample on a special gel or paper. Then, they use an electric current to move the proteins or haemoglobin. Because each type moves at a different speed, they form bands or lines. This pattern helps doctors see if anything is wrong.
Steps in the Electrophoresis Test
Usually, the test takes a few hours. You can go home right after your blood is drawn.
What Do Electrophoresis Results Mean?
After the test, your doctor looks at the pattern of bands. Each band shows a different type of protein or haemoglobin. If the pattern is normal, your proteins or haemoglobin are likely healthy. However, if there are extra bands, missing bands, or bands in the wrong place, it may mean you have a health problem. For example, extra bands can show abnormal proteins, which may be linked to diseases like multiple myeloma. Missing or changed haemoglobin bands can point to conditions like sickle cell disease or thalassemia.
Common Conditions Detected by Protein and Haemoglobin Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis can help find several health problems. Some of the most common include:
Because these conditions can be serious, early testing is important.
Preparation and Aftercare
Usually, you do not need to do much to prepare for electrophoresis. However, your doctor may ask you to avoid certain medicines before the test. Always tell your doctor about any drugs or supplements you take. After the blood draw, you can return to your normal activities. If you feel dizzy or notice swelling at the needle site, let your healthcare provider know.
Risks and Safety
Electrophoresis is a safe test. The main risk comes from drawing blood. You might feel a small pinch, and there could be slight bruising or swelling. Rarely, some people may feel faint. However, serious problems are very uncommon. The test itself does not cause harm because it is done on your blood sample in the lab.
Prevention and Lifestyle Tips
While you cannot prevent inherited blood disorders, you can take steps to stay healthy. For example, eat a balanced diet, stay active, and avoid smoking. If you have a family history of blood problems, talk to your doctor about screening. Early testing can help you manage your health better.
Summary
In short, electrophoresis (protein and haemoglobin) is a helpful test. It checks for abnormal proteins or haemoglobin in your blood. The procedure is simple, safe, and gives important information about your health. If you have questions about your results, always ask your doctor.
Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice about electrophoresis tests.